🟣 CI (Continuous Integration)
Tự động build + test mỗi khi push code. Phát hiện lỗi sớm, merge thường xuyên.
🟢 CD (Continuous Delivery/Deployment)
Tự động deploy lên staging/production. Delivery = manual approve. Deployment = full auto.
1. CI/CD Pipeline
Full CI/CD Pipeline:
Push Code → CI: Build → CI: Test → CD: Deploy Staging → CD: Deploy Prod
───────── ────────── ───────── ───────────────── ────────────────
│ │ │ │ │
git push compile unit test auto deploy auto deploy
to main lint integration to staging to production
build e2e test ↓ ↓
Manual approve? ← CD Delivery
OR ← CD Deployment
Auto (full auto)2. CI (Continuous Integration)
Mỗi khi developer push code → tự động chạy:
- Build: Compile, linting, type checking
- Unit Tests: Test từng function/module
- Integration Tests: Test các modules tương tác
- Code Quality: SonarQube, ESLint, Coverage
# GitHub Actions — CI Pipeline
name: CI
on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
branches: [main]
jobs:
build-and-test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Setup Node.js
uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: '20'
cache: 'npm'
- name: Install dependencies
run: npm ci
- name: Lint
run: npm run lint
- name: Type check
run: npm run type-check
- name: Unit tests
run: npm test -- --coverage
- name: Build
run: npm run build3. CD (Continuous Delivery vs Deployment)
⚠️ 2 loại CD:
Continuous Delivery: Auto deploy đến staging → cần manual
approve để deploy production.
Continuous Deployment: Auto deploy luôn lên production. Mọi
commit pass tests → production ngay.
# GitHub Actions — CD Pipeline
name: CD
on:
push:
branches: [main]
jobs:
deploy-staging:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: build-and-test # CI phải pass trước
steps:
- name: Deploy to Staging
run: |
ssh deploy@staging "cd /app && git pull && docker-compose up -d"
deploy-production:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: deploy-staging
environment: production # ← Cần manual approve (Continuous Delivery)
# Bỏ environment → auto deploy (Continuous Deployment)
steps:
- name: Deploy to Production
run: |
ssh deploy@prod "cd /app && git pull && docker-compose up -d"
- name: Health check
run: curl -f https://myapp.com/health || exit 14. Bảng So Sánh
| Tiêu chí | 🟣 CI | 🟢 CD (Delivery) | 🟢 CD (Deployment) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mục đích | Build + Test tự động | Deploy staging auto | Deploy prod auto |
| Trigger | Push/PR | CI pass | CI pass |
| Manual step? | Không | Approve prod deploy | Không |
| Risk | Thấp | Trung bình | Cao (cần tests tốt) |
| Speed | Nhanh | Nhanh + gate | Nhanh nhất |
| Dùng bởi | Mọi team | Enterprise | Netflix, Facebook |
5. Tools Phổ Biến
CI/CD Tools:
• GitHub Actions — tích hợp GitHub, YAML config
• GitLab CI/CD — tích hợp GitLab, .gitlab-ci.yml
• Jenkins — self-hosted, plugin ecosystem
• CircleCI — cloud-based, config as code
• ArgoCD — GitOps cho Kubernetes